This book aims to address the competencies that are essential for an undergraduate student to become a fully qualified physician who is confident to serve as the primary care physician of the community. However, as internal medicine is the mother of all broad specialties, a book on the subject cannot be limited to undergraduate students alone. This book will also be useful to those pursuing advanced training in Internal Medicine, including postgraduates, fellows, PhD scholars, and allied health profeessionals att all levels. It covers both the broad foundations of medicine as well as topics suitable for higher level thinking and analysis.