• Provides information on basic principles of Optics, Refraction and Optical Instruments to Ophthalmology residents and students of Optometry as well as Orthoptics • Text is organized in an attractive four-colour format to make the understanding, retention and reproducibility of facts easy • Includes newer concepts in Refractive Surgery like Topoguided LASIK, Contoura Vision Technology, All Femtosecond Laser Surgery, ReLEx and Corneal Inlay for Presbyopia including Presbyopic Allogenic Refractive Lenticule (PEARL) • Recently available Phakic and near vision enabling Intra Ocular Lenses have been added • Future Refractive Surgeries such as LIRIC, RELIMP and LIKE have been added • Incorporates advances in Aberrometry, Wavefront Technology, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT), Enhanced Depth OCT, Confocal Microscopy of Cornea and anterior segment Ultrasound Bio Microscopy (UBM) • Digital Eye Strain and Role of Smartphones in Ophthalmology have been discussed in detail • Chapter on Clinical Refraction has been refurbished effectively and text on Corneal Topography expanded with essential newer developments